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. 2020 Jun 19;5:102. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-0194-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — TIE and immune checkpoint molecules regulated by ncRNAs. PD-L1 expression induced by the IFN-γ signaling pathway and PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as well as the regulation of these pathways by ncRNAs (left).T-cell-activated receptors/ligands (TCR/MHC-I and CD28/B7-1/2) and immune checkpoint molecular receptor-ligands (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4/B7-1/2, BTLA/HVEM and TIM3/Gal-9) regulated by ncRNAs (middle and upper right). The red “T” symbol represents inhibitory modification