. 2020 Jun 19;5:102. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-0194-y

Table 6.

ncRNAs influence TIE via regulating cytokines

Target genes	ncRNAs	Function	Type of cancer	Refs.
TGF-β	miR-133 and miR-141	Downregulate TGF-β expression, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppress tumor growth and invasion	Gastric cancer, Myocardial fibrosis	^198,199
	lncRNA ANRIL and lncRNA 00974	Upregulate TGF-β expression, induce immunosuppression and TIE, promote tumor growth and invasion	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, HCC	^200,201
TGFBR Ι	Let-7, miR-141 and miR-200 family	Downregulate the expression of TGFBRΙ, weaken TGF-β signal pathway, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppress tumor growth and invasion	Thyroid carcinomas	^202,203
TGFBR II	miR-106b, 17-5p, 204, 20a, 21, 590	Downregulate the expression of TGFBR II, weaken TGF-β signal pathway, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppress tumor growth and invasion	Alzheimer’s disease, metastatic cancer, Lung cancer, Leiomyoma	^{205–209,471}
	lncRNA MEG3	Upregulates the expression of TGFBR II, strengthens TGF-β signal pathway, induce immunosuppression and TIE, promotes tumor growth and invasion	Chondroma	²¹⁰
Smad2	miR-141, 200a/c, 30d and 155	Downregulate the expression of Smad2, weaken TGF-β signal pathway, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppress tumor growth and invasion	Thyroid carcinomas	^203,211
Smad3	miR-140	Downregulates the expression of Smad3, weakens TGF-β signal pathway, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppresses tumor growth and invasion		²¹²
Smad4	lncRNA PVT1	Downregulates the expression of Smad4, weakens TGF-β signal pathway, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppresses tumor growth and invasion	Colorectal cancer	²¹³
Smad7	miR-21	Downregulates the expression of Smad4, strengthens TGF-β signal pathway, promotes immunosuppression and TIE	Cervical cancer	²¹⁴
IL-6	miR-33a, 218, 125a, 34a, 217, 26a, 98, and 9	Downregulate IL-6, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppress tumor growth and invasion	Gallbladder cancer, Lung cancer, Breast cancer, Cardiac myxoma, HCC, Melanoma, HeLa cell line	^220–227
	lncRNA HOTTIP, 00460 and UICC	Directly upregulate IL-6, induce immunosuppression and TIE, promote tumor growth and invasion	Ovarian cancer, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Cervical cancer	^228–230
STAT3	miR-551b-3p,	Upregulates STAT3 expression directly, induces immunosuppression and TIE, promotes tumor growth and invasion	Ovarian cancer	²³¹
	miR-221, 222 and 18a	Downregulate STAT3 expression by negatively regulating the PDLIM2 or PIAS3, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppress tumor growth and invasion	Gastric adenocarcinoma, Colorectal cancer	^232,233
	lncRNA 00518, AB073614 and HOST2	Activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, induce immunosuppression and TIE, promote tumor growth and invasion	Cervical cancer, Colorectal cancer, HCC	^235–237
IL-10	miR-98	Downregulates IL-10, inhibits immunosuppression and TIE, suppresses tumor growth and invasion	HCC	²⁴⁷
	miR-194, miR-193b and lncRNA CCAT1	Upregulate IL-10, induce immunosuppression and TIE, promote tumor growth and invasion	Laryngeal cancer, Lymphoma, prostate cancer	^248–250
VEGF	miR-638, 503, 497, 203, 200, 195, 190, 126, 93, 29b and 20	Downregulate VEGF directly, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppresse tumor growth and invasion	HCC, Cervical cancer, Lung cancer, Oral cancer, Breast cancer	^{254–263,265,266}
	miR-22, 107, 519c, 26a and 145	Downregulate VEGF indirectly, inhibit immunosuppression and TIE, suppress tumor growth and invasion	Colorectal cancer, HCC	^78,269–272
	lncRNA TDRG1 and lncRNA HOTAIR	Upregulate VEGF directly, induce immunosuppression and TIE, promote tumor growth and invasion	Endometrial carcinoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	^267,268
	lncRNA H19 and lncRNA GAS5	Upregulate VEGF indirectly, induce immunosuppression and TIE, promote tumor growth and invasion	Mesenchymal stem cells, Colorectal cancer	^273,274

PDLIM2 PDZ and LIM domain protein 2, PIAS3 Protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription