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. 2020 Jun 19;10:9963. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66900-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Positional and feeding avoidance of capsaicin by Drosophila. (a,b) The positional aversion of adults to capsaicin. (a) Wild-type adult female flies were averse to the capsaicin substrate, whereas Painless mutants showed neutral responses. The one-sample t-test was used to assess the mean deviation of each column from 0; 20 mM capsaicin was used. n = 150. (b) The positional aversion of wild-type larvae to capsaicin. Larvae were presented with a two-choice agar plate; 20 mM capsaicin was used, n = 10. (c) The feeding aversion to capsaicin. Wild-type flies showed less robust proboscis extension to capsaicin, EtOH and quinine compared with sucrose. Inactivation of pain sensation led to loss of aversion to capsaicin. The independent samples t-test was used to assess the mean deviation; n = 7. Mean ± S.E.M.; symbols: NS p > 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.