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. 2020 Jun 19;10:9963. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66900-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The pain-sensing system mediates ovipositional aversion to capsaicin. (a) Vision is dispensable in the ovipositional repellence of capsaicin. For vision, wild-type flies in darkness and light were used. n = 6–15. (b) Olfaction is not required for ovipositional aversion to capsaicin. Schematic drawing of the Y maze olfactory assay used for olfaction assays with capsaicin (L) and the response index for capsaicin in the Y maze olfactory assay (R). (c) Olfaction is not required for ovipositional aversion to capsaicin. Wild-type females with surgically removed antennae were used, and the oviposition index was evaluated. n = 6. (d) Gustation/nociception is required for ovipositional aversion to capsaicin. The forelegs of flies were surgically ablated, and the oviposition index was quantified. n = 6. (e) Nociception mediated the ovipositional avoidance of capsaicin. (f) Capsaicin activated the expression of pain-associated genes in wild-type flies. n = 6–15. The independent samples t-test was used to assess the mean deviation within conditions. Mean ± S.E.M.; symbols: NS p > 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.