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. 2020 Jun 19;11:3130. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16915-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Distribution of a SW-amplitude and b SW-incidence according to SW-period (frequency; 0.25 Hz bins) during recovery (REC). The 1st 6 h of recovery were divided into 25 NREMS quantiles (7.0 ± 0.1 min NREMS/quantile), the dynamics of the 1st eight are depicted (≈ first 2 h). SW-incidence was corrected for frequency (n Hz⁻¹) because slower SWs cannot physically occur as often as faster SWs. c SW-slope to -amplitude correlations during the same time were highest in faster frequencies. d Relative spectral power during the 1st 2 h of recovery, displays not only a significant decrease in power, but a shift from faster to slower frequencies. Significant differences between the 1st/2nd (two-way rANOVA factors quantile × frequency: F_98,7252 = 8.65, p < 1.0E-17) and 2nd/3rd quantiles (F_98,7252 = 2.08, p = 3.24E-09), though not after 3rd/4th (F_98,7252 = 1.13, p = 0.18). e Ratios of five 0.25 Hz-bin moving averages between spectra in the 1st–2nd, 2nd–3rd, and 3rd–4th time quantiles in d. Note that lower frequencies initially increase (two-way rANOVA factors quantile difference × frequency: F_99,7326 = 9.13, p < 1.0E-17). f Time-course of δ1- and δ2-power during the 1st 6 h of recovery per NREMS episode in one representative mouse. Symbols represent mean power reached in consecutive episodes. g Average waveforms of detected δ1- (blue) and δ2 (orange)-waves during the 1st 10 min of recovery NREMS following SD, for individual mice (n = 37). h Timing of nested δ2-waves relative to δ1-onset (left) or -offset (right; 0 ms indicates onset and offset, respectively). Histograms span 50 ms time-bins plotted at midpoint. Of note, the 2nd and 3rd histogram peaks indicate the starts of these additional nested δ2-waves (n = 37; one-way rANOVA factor time-bin; δ2-onset: F_15,540 = 305.2, p < 1.0E-17; δ2-offset: F_15,540 = 327.4, p < 1.0E-17). i Example of a δ2-wave (orange) at onset (left) or during (right) a δ1-wave (blue). Unfiltered signals are presented in gray. Values are mean ± s.e.m. indicated as either error bars or shaded areas. In a, b, and d significant changes between 1st–2nd and 2nd–3rd quantiles are indicated with red and black bars, respectively.