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. 2020 Jun 19;10:9976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65828-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pg/gingipain translocates to the pancreas and is present in β-cells. (A) Representative result using IF microscopy showing Pg/gingipain in pancreatic islets in experimental but not control animals. White arrows point to Pg/gingipain. Scale bar represents 60μm. N = 9 mice/experimental group and N = 10 mice/control group. (B) Results from qPCR for Pg 16 S rRNA genes performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) sections (5/animal) show that Pg is present in islets from experimental animals but not controls. N = 3 mice/group. The difference between groups is statistically significant (p** < 0.01). (C) Representative 3-D image from confocal microscopy of mouse pancreatic islet showing that Pg is localized in β-cells. (D) Orthogonal analysis of image confirming intra-nuclear localization of Pg in β-cells. a & b are orthogonal projections showing the side views of the main image cut through along vertical (red) and horizontal (green) lines. Green: insulin, Red: Pg, Blue: nuclei.