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. 2020 Jun 19;10:9976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65828-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pg is localized in β- but not in α-cells in experimental animals. (A) Representative image from IF microscopy and higher magnification of insets showing Pg, glucagon, and nuclear stain (top panels) and Pg, insulin and nuclear staining (bottom panels). Yellow: glucagon, Green: insulin, Red: Pg, Blue: nuclei. White arrows point to Pg in low magnification image. Scale bar represents 50μm. For separate channel images of 40×, see Fig. S1. (B) Results from counting cells positive for Pg/gingipain. The total number of insulin+ cells and insulin+/Pg+ cells were counted per islet and the percentage of insulin+ cells that were positive for Pg were calculated (5 islets /mouse, N = 5 mice/group). Data show mean + S.D. There were no glucagon+ cells containing Pg. The difference in the percentage of α- vs. β-cells containing Pg is statistically significant (***p < 0.001).