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. 2020 Jun 19;10:9976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65828-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The number of bihormonal cells is significantly higher in pancreatic samples that contain Pg in both humans and mice. A strong correlation exists between the number of Pg/gingipain and emergence of bihormonal cells in both humans and mice. (A,B) Scatter plots showing the number of bihormonal cells/field (400 × 300 μm) in Pg− and Pg+ samples in human post-mortem samples and mice pancreatic islets. Total of 22 human samples and 19 samples from mice were examined. (N = 14 for Pg- and N = 8 for Pg+ for humans and N = 10 for Pg- and N = 9 for Pg+ for mice). Mann-Whitney test indicates ****p < 0.0001 for both humans and mice. (C) Pearson’s correlation analysis showing a strong correlation between the number of Pg and the number of bihormonal cells per field in humans (r = 0.821, ****p < 0.0001). (D) Spearman’s correlation analysis indicates a strong correlation between these two variables in mice (r = 0.853, ****p < 0.0001). 8 samples are overlapping at zero Pg and zero bihormonal cells (red asterisk).