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. 2020 Jun 19;11:3136. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16880-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic illustrating of the gRNAs and crRNAs of dCas9, dAsCas12a, EcoCascade, and PaeCascade targeting different regions upstream the transcriptional start site (TSS) of four genes. Arrow directions indicated the 5′ to 3′ sequence of the spacer. Colored lines (purple, green, yellow, and blue) represented the PAM motif. b Quantitative PCR analysis of HBB transcription levels in HEK293T cells transfected with dCas9-VPR, dAsCas12a-VPR, EcoCascade-VPR, or PaeCascade VPR (Csy3-VPR). c Quantitative PCR analysis of HBG transcription levels in HEK293T cells transfected with dCas9-VPR, dAsCas12a-VPR, EcoCascade-VPR, or PaeCascade VPR (Csy3-VPR). d Quantitative PCR analysis of SOX2 transcription levels in HEK293T cells transfected with dCas9-VPR, dAsCas12a-VPR, EcoCascade-VPR, or PaeCascade VPR (Csy3-VPR). e Quantitative PCR analysis of IL1B transcription levels in HEK293T cells transfected with dCas9-VPR, dAsCas12a-VPR, EcoCascade-VPR, or PaeCascade VPR (Csy3-VPR). Ctrl: non-targeting crRNA control. Data represented three biological repeats and displayed as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA (*P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.