Table 1.
Demographic and clinical information for healthy control subjects and multiple sclerosis patients.
| HC (n = 29) | MS (n = 29) | MS_NON (n = 18) | MS_ON (n = 11) | p-value (MS_NON vs MS_ON) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Y), mean ± SD [range] | 41.72 ± 13.4 [23–69] | 42.83 ± 11.7 [23–68] | 45.94 ± 9.7 [29–68] | 37.73 ± 13.3 [23–58] | 0.071 |
| Sex (M/F) | 11/18 | 7/22 | 6/12 | 1/10 | 0.302 |
| Disease duration (Y), mean ± SD [range] | NA | 8.66 ± 6.7 [2–24] | 9.1 ± 6.5 [2–24] | 7.91 ± 7.3 [2–23] | 0.651 |
| MS subtype (RRMS/SPMS) | NA | 24/5 | 16/2 | 8/3 | 0.542 |
| Disease-modifying therapy, n (%), RRMS/SPMS | 27 (93.1%), 24/3 | 17 (94.4%), 16/1 | 10 (90.9%), 8/2 | 0.692 | |
| Dimethyl fumarate | 8 (27.6%), 8/0 | 4 (22.2%), 4/0 | 4 (36.4%), 4/0 | ||
| Glatiramer acetate | 7 (24.1%), 7/0 | 5 (27.8%), 5/0 | 2 (18.2%), 2/0 | ||
| β-interferons | 1 (3.4%), 1/0 | 0 | 1 (9.1%), 1/0 | ||
| Fingolimod | 4 (13.8%), 3/1 | 4 (22.2%), 3/1 | 0 | ||
| Natalizumab | 2 (6.9%), 2/0 | 1 (5.6%), 1/0 | 1 (9.1%), 1/0 | ||
| Rituximab | 2 (6.9%), 0/2 | 0 | 2 (18.2%), 0/2 | ||
| Ocrelizumab | 3 (10.3%), 3/0 | 3 (16.7%), 3/0 | 0 | ||
| None | 2 (6.9%), 0/2 | 1 (5.6%), 0/1 | 1 (9.1%), 0/1 | ||
| EDSS score, mean ± SD, median [range] | NA | 2.83 ± 1.82, 2.0 [1.0–6.5] | 2.75 ± 1.48, 2.5 [1.0–6.5] | 2.95 ± 2.39, 2.0 [1.0–6.5] | 0.513 |
| Mean RNFL, mean ± SD [range] | NA | 91.85 ± 14.93 [60.5–124.3] | 91.66 ± 13.78 [70.4–120] | 92.17 ± 17.4 [60.5–124.3] | 0.931 |
| Mean GCL + IPL, mean ± SD [range] | NA | 78.91 ± 11.32 [45–95] | 80.36 ± 9.1 [62.5–94] | 76.55 ± 14.4 [45–95] | 0.391 |
| Mean letter acuity score at 100% contrast, mean ± SD [range] | NA | 51.3 ± 9.7 [21–60] | 53.28 ± 5.4 [45–60] | 48.45 ± 13.7 [21–60] | 0.211 |
| Mean letter acuity score at 2.5% contrast, mean ± SD [range] | NA | 26.3 ± 11.4 [0–44] | 28.84 ± 10.8 [4.5–44] | 26.91 ± 12.7 [0–43] | 0.821 |
| Mean letter acuity score at 1.25% contrast, mean ± SD [range] | NA | 7.3 ± 8.6 [0–25] | 3.53 ± 4.8 [0–14] | 12.7 ± 10.3 [0–25] | 0.023 |
Note. – EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale, NA = not applicable, RNFL = retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, GCL + IPL = ganglion cell layer thickness (GCL) combined with the inner plexiform layer (IPL). RNFL and GCL + IPL are reported in microns.
1
Student’s t-test.
2
Chi-Square Test.
3
Wilcoxon rank-sum test.