Table 2.

Modified Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias (For all domains, if reported Yes, this would indicate a low risk of bias, No would indicate a high risk of bias, and Unclear would indicate an unclear risk of bias).

Reference	Sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessors	Incomplete outcome data	Selective outcome reporting	Other sources of bias
Allen et al [14]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bennell et al [6]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bennell et al [15]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bossen et al [16]	Unclear	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No
Buhrman et al [17]	Yes	Yes	No	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes
Calner et al [18]	Yes	Yes	No	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No
Carpenter et al [20]	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No
Chhabra et al [21]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Chiauzzi et al [22]	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Del Pozo-Cruz et al [23]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Del Pozo-Cruz et al [24]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Del Pozo-Cruz et al [25]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Irvine et al [26]	Unclear	Unclear	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Krein et al [27]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Marangoni [28]	No	No	Unclear	No	Unclear	Yes	No
Mecklenberg et al [29]	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Nordin et al [19]	Yes	Yes	No	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No
Peters et al [30]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Unclear
Petrozzi et al [31]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Shebib et al [32]	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Toelle et al [33]	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Van de Heuvel et al [34]	Yes	Unclear	No	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	No