Table 4.
Comparison of anthropometric parameters in the RO, AO and C groups at the beginning of the study and the end of study (EOS)
| Variable | RO group (n = 26) | AO group (n = 26) | C group (n = 29) | P | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Δ | P | Before | After | Δ | P | Before | After | Δ | P | ||
| Weight, kg | 120.5 (102.9–135) | 114.9 (97.7–128.2) | −5.6 | 0.000d | 118.5 (108.0–132.4) | 111.9 (106.5–126.0) | −6.6 | 0.000d | 115.0 (101.4–133.3) | 108.0 (96.4–127.0) | −7.0 | 0.001d | 0.100b |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 39.8 (36.9–44.0) | 39.1 (34.9–41.9) | −0.7 | 0.001d | 40.6 (36.7–44.3) | 38.9 (35.6–43.3) | −1.7 | 0.000d | 38.4 (36.1–41.7) | 37.7 (34.6–40.1) | −0.7 | 0.000d | 0.204b |
| WC, cm | 126.3 ± 13.3 | 123.2 ± 13.3 | −0.4 | 0.000c | 124.3 ± 17.2 | 120.5 ± 16.8 | −3.8 | 0.000c | 122.3 ± 20.6 | 121.1 ± 20.1 | −1.2 | 0.001c | 0.022a |
| HC, cm | 128.0 ± 13.3 | 125.9 ± 13.3 | −2.1 | 0.000c | 130.6 ± 12.9 | 125.5 ± 11.6 | −5.1 | 0.000c | 119.9 ± 20.6 | 118.3 ± 19.5 | −1.6 | 0.000c | 0.007a |
| WHR | 0.99 ± 0.09 | 0.99 ± 0.11 | 0.0 | 0.852d | 0.95 ± 0.1 | 0.96 ± 0.11 | + 0.01 | 0.201d | 1.02 ± 0.06 | 1.03 ± 0.05 | −0.01 | 0.072d | 0.064b |
| FM, % | 41.0 ± 5.4 | 40.1 ± 5.7 | −0.9 | 0.031c | 42.1 ± 6.1 | 41.3 ± 7.1 | −0.8 | 0.142c | 40.9 ± 6.7 | 39.1 ± 6.9 | −1.8 | 0.000c | 0.112a |
| FM, kg | 46.9 (41.9–56.2) | 44.9 (36.8–52.6) | −2.0 | 0.002d | 49.7 (41.0–59.6) | 46.2 (37.1–56.9) | −3.5 | 0.001d | 46.7 (40.4–54.1) | 41.0 (37.2–51.4) | −5.7 | 0.000d | 0.381b |
| LBM, kg | 66.9 (58.6–75.6) | 63.6 (55.2–74.8) | −3.3 | 0.006d | 68.7 (56.5–77.2) | 64.3 (56.9–76.5) | − 4.4 | 0.002d | 70.1 (58.5–80.4) | 64.5 (55.1–76.9) | −5.6 | 0.000d | 0.894b |
| VFM, n | 15.0 (12.0–21.0) | 14.0 (11.0–20.0) | −1.0 | 0.001d | 14.0 (13.0–21.0) | 13.5 (12.0–21.0) | −0.5 | 0.030d | 16.0 (12.0–20.0) | 14.0 (11.0–18.0) | −2.0 | 0.000d | 0.020b |
| TBW, % | 41.6 (40.3–44.5) | 43.2 (40.5–45.1) | + 1.6 | 0.010d | 41.4 (38.7–44.7) | 42.8 (39.5–47.6) | + 1.4 | 0.014d | 41.8 (39.0–44.9) | 42.0 (40.2–46.3) | + 0.2 | 0.000d | 0.374b |
| TBW, kg | 49.1 (43.7–58.9) | 47.9 (41.3–56.9) | −1.2 | 0.014d | 50.6 (42.6–58.1) | 48.5 (40.6–59.0) | −2.1 | 0.012d | 48.6 (41.6–57.0) | 49.1 (41.2–58.7) | + 0.5 | 0.941d | 0.302b |
| ECW, kg | 22.7 ± 2.9 | 22.4 ± 3.2 | −0.3 | 0.142d | 23.1 ± 4.2 | 22.5 ± 4.1 | − 0.6 | 0.010d | 22.1 ± 3.5 | 21.9 ± 3.5 | − 0.2 | 0.150d | 0.261b |
| ICW, kg | 25.6 (23.0–32.9) | 25.1 (22.2–31.8) | − 0.5 | 0.121d | 27.9 (22.5–33.5) | 25.8 (21.9–31.6) | −2.1 | 0.009d | 26.0 (21.4–31.8) | 26.6 (21.6–32.0) | + 0.6 | 0.241d | 0.142b |
Normally distributed data are represented by mean ± SD and skewed data by the median (interquartile range). P < 0.05 is considered significant (bold highlights)
aone way ANOVA, bKruskal-Wallis test, ct- Student’s test, dWilcoxon test,
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, ECW extracellular water, EOS end of study, FM fat mass, HC hip circumference, ICW intracellular water, LBM lean body mass, TBW total body water, VFM visceral fat mass, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio