Table 1.

Performance comparison of the proposed method with other state-of-the-art approaches in non-COVID pneumonia detection.

Task	Methods	Accuracy (%)	AUC score (%)	Precision (%)	Recall (%)	Specificity (%)	F1 score (%)
Normal/ Pneumonia	Proposed	98.1	99.4	98.0	98.5	97.9	98.3
	Residual	91.2	96.4	90.7	95.9	84.1	93.4
	Inception	88.7	92.6	88.9	94.1	80.2	91.1
	VGG-19	87.2	90.7	85.6	91.1	77.9	89.3
	[21]	95.7	99.0	95.1	98.3	91.5	96.7
	[22]	92.8	96.8	–	93.2	90.1	–
	[23]	96.4	99.3	93.3	99.6	–	–
Viral/ Bacterial Pneumonia	Proposed	95.1	97.6	94.9	96.1	94.3	95.5
	Residual	89.5	92.4	88.3	96.9	78.1	92.4
	Inception	85.8	90.6	84.5	93.8	72.1	88.9
	VGG-19	83.2	88.5	81.1	91.3	71.7	86.6
	[21]	93.6	96.2	92.0	98.4	86.0	95.1
	[22]	90.7	94.0	–	88.6	90.9	–
Normal/ Viral/ Bacterial/ Pneumonia	Proposed	91.7	94.1	92.9	92.1	93.6	92.6
	Residual	86.3	88.5	86.3	88.5	93.5	87.4
	Inception	81.1	84.6	75.4	84.9	86.2	78.9
	VGG-19	79.8	83.1	74.5	82.9	83.4	77.9
	[21]	91.7	93.8	91.7	90.5	95.8	91.1