Table 1.

Bioactivities of ovomucin and its derivatives.

Bioctivity	Active substance	Model	Effect	References
Anti-inflammatory activity	Low-molecular-weight ovomucin hydrolysate treated with alkaline protease	TNF-α-induced human dermal fibroblasts	Inhibit the activation of NF-κB pathway	[28]
Antibacterial	Ovomucin glycopeptide		Binding to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7	[50]
	Ovomucin	Helicobacter pylori colonized mice	Production and masking urease to inhibit Helicobacter pylori infection	[51]
	Ovomucin-Protex 26 L hydrolysate	Porcine small intestinal epithelial cells	Preventing the adhesion of ETEC K88ac	[60]
	Terminal β-linked galactose of α-ovomucin	Porcine red blood cells	Preventing the adhesion of ETEC K8 resistant 8 ac	[59]
Antitumor	β-ovomucin	Meth-A sarcoma cells	Heal proximal tumors and inhibit distal tumor growth	[24]
	β-ovomucin	Xenograft sarcoma-180 cells in mice	Inhibits cell growth and heals tumors	[25,26]
	Highly glycosylated fragment of β-ovomucin	SR-180 tumor cells	Binding to cytokine growth factor receptor bFGFR inhibits tumors	[27]
Immune activation	O-linked sulfated carbohydrate chain	Mouse peritoneal membrane culture	Macrophage activation	[31]
Antiviral	β-ovomucin		High affinity for bovine rotavirus, human influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus	[[17], [18], [19]]
	Ovomucin	Chicken red blood cells and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of La Sota strain	Inhibition of NDV hemagglutination, and high affinity for NDV	[20,21]
	Sialic acid group in ovomucin		Anti-virus and bacterial infection	[22]
	Ovomucin	Chicken red blood cells	Inhibition of influenza virus hemagglutination	[23]
Antioxidant activity	LDEPDPL and NIQTDDFRT sequences isolated from α-ovomucin	In vitro	Free radical ABTS scavenging power	[29]
	Ovomucin hydrolysate	In vitro	Free radical scavenging ability, ACE inhibitory activity, metal ion chelating ability	[30]
Hypocholesterolemic action	Ovomucin	Mouse Caco-2 cells	Attenuates hypercholesterolemia in rats and inhibits cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells	[48]