Table 1. Results of examinations in a group of players in the habitual standing position and the ready position: means, standard deviations (SD) and confidence intervals (CI 95%), p-values of the Mann–Whitney U-test and d-Cohen’s values.
| Table tennis players (n = 22) | Mean ± SD (CI 95%) | p-Values of the Mann–Whitney U-test | d-Cohen’s | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habitual position | Ready position | |||
| α [deg] | 10.45 ± 5.54 [8.00–12.90] | 34.70 ± 15.76 [27.71–41.68] | <0.01 | 1.43** |
| β [deg] | 7.43 ± 4.31 [5.52–9.34] | 20.58 ± 9.18 [16.51–24.65] | <0.01 | 1.35** |
| γ [deg] | 13.92 ± 5.27 [11.59–16.26] | 43.24 ± 7.97 [39.71–46.77] | <0.01 | 1.80** |
| CI [deg] | 3.47 ± [8.34 [−0.22–7.17] | 13.73 ± 16.73 [6.31–21.14] | 0.01 | 0.73* |
| KPT [deg] | −2.98 ± 3.87 [−4.69 to −1.26] | −29.94 ± 12.11 [−35.31 to −24.57] | <0.01 | −1.66** |
| GKP [deg] | 13.63 ± 8.39 [9.91–17.35] | −38.98 ± 24.85 [−50.00 to −27.96] | <0.01 | −1.63** |
| GLL [deg] | −12.33 ± 9.14 [−16.39 to −8.28] | 21.89 ± 15.65 [14.95–28.83] | <0.01 | 1.60** |
| KNT [deg] | 1.50 ± 0.94 [1.08–1.91] | 2.21 ± 2.06 [1.29–3.12] | 0.50 | 0.44 |
| KLB [deg] | 1.19 ± 0.88 [0.80–1.58] | 1.31 ± 1.17 [0.79–1.83] | 0.99 | 0.12 |
| UL [mm] | 2.27 ± 1.59 [1.56–1.59] | 1.48 ± 1.14 [0.98–1.99] | 0.09 | −0.55* |
| OL [mm] | 10.85 ± 8.63 [7.02–14.68] | 9.26 ± 9.65 [4.99–13.54] | 0.27 | −0.17 |
| TT [mm] | 11.93 ± 9.05 [7.92–15.94] | 14.57 ± 10.77 [9.79–19.34] | 0.49 | 0.27 |
| TSm [mm] | 9.26 ± 8.63 [5.43–13.08] | 11.65 ± 12.50 [6.11–17.19] | 0.34 | 0.22 |
| KNM [deg] | 1.51 ± 1.71 [0.75–2.27] | 1.38 ± 1.27 [0.81–1.94] | 0.97 | −0.09 |
| KSM [deg] | 4.21 ± 2.77 [2.98–5.44] | 10.30 ± 14.30 [3.96–16.63] | 0.34 | 0.57* |
| UK [mm] | 4.30 ± 2.64 [3.13–5.48] | 6.24 ± 3.69 [4.61–7.88] | 0.06 | 0.58* |
Note:
α, angle of inclination of the lumbosacral spine; β, angle of inclination of the thoracolumbar spine; γ, angle of inclination of the upper part of the thoracic region; CI, compensation index; KPT, angle of sagittal inclination of the trunk; KKP, angle of thoracic kyphosis; KLL, angle of lumbar lordosis; GKP, depth of thoracic kyphosis; GLL, depth of lumbar lordosis; KNT, angle of trunk inclination; KLB, angle of shoulder line inclination; KNM, pelvic inclination angle; KSM, pelvic rotation angle; UL, difference in the positions of the inferior angles of scapula; OL, difference in the distance of inferior angles of scapulae from the spine; TT, difference in the height of the waist triangles; TS, difference in the width of the waist triangles; UK, deviation of spinous processes from the line of the spine. Bold values mean significant difference and significant effect size. Differences are significant when p ≤ 0.05. Effect size is medium when Cohen’s d is 0.5 ≤ 0.8 (*) and large when d > 0.8 (**).