Table 1. Clinical features associated with epileptic and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures36,39.
| Clinical Features | Epileptic Seizures (ES) | Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures (PNES) |
|---|---|---|
| Duration | Less than 10 minutes | Longer than 10 minutes |
| Seizure occurrence while sleeping | Yes | No |
| Seizure occurrence during pseudo sleep | No | Yes |
| Aura | Difficult to describe | Factual description |
| Reactivity during attack | Restricted or no clear reaction | Defence |
| Asynchronous movements | No | Yes |
| Prolonged periods of body flaccidity | Occur | Do not occur |
| Tongue biting | Lateral | Apical |
| Head | Fixed, unilateral | Side-to-side movements |
| Eyes | Open | Closed |
| Clenching of the jaw | Occurs during tonic phase of convulsion | Does not occur during tonic phase of convulsion |
| Pupillary response | Not normal | Normal |
| Heart rate from preictal to ictal phases | Increased | Not increased |
| Occurrence of vocalization | At beginning of seizure | During or after seizure |
| Vocalization | No | Yes |
| Postictal headache | Yes | No |
| Recollection of items memorized during seizure | No | Yes |