|
DRUG
|
MECHANISM
|
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
|
Characteristics
|
|
Bumetanide
|
Inhibits
Na-K-Cl transporter
|
Dizziness,
nausea,
confusion
|
·
Help in neonatal seizures
·
AED most effective in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
|
|
Felbamate
|
Targets calcium
channels and GABA
|
Agitation,
behavioral changes
|
·
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, good efficacy
against seizures
·
Specific for epilepsy treatment
|
|
Ganaxolone
|
GABA modulatory
activity
|
Dizziness and fatigue
|
·
Effective for infantile spasm and adult partial seizures
·
Neurosteroid, mainly effective for partial onset of seizures
|
|
Retigabine
|
Activates potassium
channels and GABA receptors
|
Aggressive behavior only
in case of overdosage
|
·
Safe and efficient
·
Unique mechanism of action
|
|
Perampanel
|
AMPA-glutamate
receptor antagonist
|
Anger, irritability,
aggression
|
·
Epilepsy specific
·
Should not be given to hepatic disease patients
·
Broad spectrum and efficient AED
|
|
Carbamazepine
|
Shows anticonvulsive
action when solubilized with chemically modified cyclodextrins
|
Confusion, agitation,
aggression
|
·
Intravenous administration is efficient against seizures
·
Poorly water soluble, mainly target sodium channels
|
