Table 4.
Spirometric indicators of obstructive airways disease in 1,322 children by maternal supplement assignment group. Nepal Nutritional Intervention Project-Sarlahi (NNIPS)-2 follow-up study, Nepal, 2006–2008
| Supplement assignment after birth |
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-carotene | Placebo | Vitamin A | ||
| Sample size for males | ||||
| Subjects n | 254 | 202 | 226 | |
| Subjects per ward | 25 (14–44) | 22 (9–45) | 19 (5–70) | 0.71 |
| FEV1/FVC for males | ||||
| FEV1/FVC % | 87.5 ± 7.1 | 87.6 ± 6.1 | 87.8 ± 6.0 | 0.88 |
| FEV1/FVC % (mean of ward means) | 87.6 ± 1.3 | 87.5 ± 1.8 | 88.1 ± 1.2 | 0.66 |
| PEF for males | ||||
| PEF L·s−1 | 3.66 ± 0.91 | 3.78 ± 0.82 | 3.79 ± 0.75 | 0.17 |
| PEF L·s−1 (mean of ward means) | 3.69 ± 0.19 | 3.91 ± 0.33 | 3.86 ± 0.23 | 0.18 |
| FEF75% for males | ||||
| FEF75% L·s−1 | 0.86 ± 0.34 | 0.83 ± 0.30 | 0.89 ± 0.33 | 0.15 |
| FEF75% L·s−1 (mean of ward means) | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.17 |
| MMEF for males | ||||
| MMEF L·s−1 | 1.93 ± 0.59 | 1.92 ± 0.52 | 1.98 ± 0.53 | 0.44 |
| MMEF L·s−1 (mean of ward means) | 1.94 ± 0.13 | 1.95 ± 0.13 | 2.01 ± 0.14 | 0.52 |
| Sample size for females | ||||
| Subjects n | 209 | 217 | 214 | |
| Subjects per ward | 22 (12–47) | 26 (7–45) | 19 (6–55) | 0.99 |
| FEV1/FVC for females | ||||
| FEV1/FVC % | 89.1 ± 6.6 | 88.9 ± 6.8 | 89.4 ± 6.1 | 0.75 |
| FEV1/FVC % (mean of ward means) | 89.0 ± 2.2 | 88.7 ± 1.6 | 89.4 ± 2.2 | 0.75 |
| PEF for females | ||||
| PEF L·s−1 | 3.45 ± 0.79 | 3.50 ± 0.88 | 3.49 ± 0.74 | 0.80 |
| PEF L·s−1 (mean of ward means) | 3.44 ± 0.30 | 3.61 ± 0.47 | 3.47 ± 0.19 | 0.55 |
| FEF75% for females | ||||
| FEF75% L·s−1 | 0.85 ± 0.34 | 0.81 ± 0.32 | 0.8 ± 0.32 | 0.47 |
| FEF75% L·s−1 (mean of ward means) | 0.84 ± 0.12 | 0.84 ± 0.13 | 0.86 ± 0.12 | 0.90 |
| MMEF for females | ||||
| MMEF L·s−1 | 1.90 ± 0.55 | 1.86 ± 0.57 | 1.93 ± 0.51 | 0.45 |
| MMEF L·s−1 (mean of ward means) | 1.89 ± 0.21 | 1.90 ± 0.23 | 1.93 ± 0.16 | 0.92 |
Data are presented as median (range) or mean ± sd, unless otherwise stated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; PEF: peak expiratory flow; FEF75%: forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC; MMEF: maximum mid-expiratory flow.