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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: Eur Respir J. 2011 Jun 23;38(6):1310–1319. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00006911

Table 4.

Spirometric indicators of obstructive airways disease in 1,322 children by maternal supplement assignment group. Nepal Nutritional Intervention Project-Sarlahi (NNIPS)-2 follow-up study, Nepal, 2006–2008

Supplement assignment after birth
p-value
β-carotene Placebo Vitamin A
Sample size for males
 Subjects n 254 202 226
 Subjects per ward 25 (14–44) 22 (9–45) 19 (5–70) 0.71
FEV1/FVC for males
 FEV1/FVC % 87.5 ± 7.1 87.6 ± 6.1 87.8 ± 6.0 0.88
 FEV1/FVC % (mean of ward means) 87.6 ± 1.3 87.5 ± 1.8 88.1 ± 1.2 0.66
PEF for males
 PEF L·s−1 3.66 ± 0.91 3.78 ± 0.82 3.79 ± 0.75 0.17
 PEF L·s−1 (mean of ward means) 3.69 ± 0.19 3.91 ± 0.33 3.86 ± 0.23 0.18
FEF75% for males
 FEF75% L·s−1 0.86 ± 0.34 0.83 ± 0.30 0.89 ± 0.33 0.15
 FEF75% L·s−1 (mean of ward means) 0.87 ± 0.07 0.83 ± 0.06 0.89 ± 0.06 0.17
MMEF for males
 MMEF L·s−1 1.93 ± 0.59 1.92 ± 0.52 1.98 ± 0.53 0.44
 MMEF L·s−1 (mean of ward means) 1.94 ± 0.13 1.95 ± 0.13 2.01 ± 0.14 0.52
Sample size for females
 Subjects n 209 217 214
 Subjects per ward 22 (12–47) 26 (7–45) 19 (6–55) 0.99
FEV1/FVC for females
 FEV1/FVC % 89.1 ± 6.6 88.9 ± 6.8 89.4 ± 6.1 0.75
 FEV1/FVC % (mean of ward means) 89.0 ± 2.2 88.7 ± 1.6 89.4 ± 2.2 0.75
PEF for females
 PEF L·s−1 3.45 ± 0.79 3.50 ± 0.88 3.49 ± 0.74 0.80
 PEF L·s−1 (mean of ward means) 3.44 ± 0.30 3.61 ± 0.47 3.47 ± 0.19 0.55
FEF75% for females
 FEF75% L·s−1 0.85 ± 0.34 0.81 ± 0.32 0.8 ± 0.32 0.47
 FEF75% L·s−1 (mean of ward means) 0.84 ± 0.12 0.84 ± 0.13 0.86 ± 0.12 0.90
MMEF for females
 MMEF L·s−1 1.90 ± 0.55 1.86 ± 0.57 1.93 ± 0.51 0.45
 MMEF L·s−1 (mean of ward means) 1.89 ± 0.21 1.90 ± 0.23 1.93 ± 0.16 0.92

Data are presented as median (range) or mean ± sd, unless otherwise stated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; PEF: peak expiratory flow; FEF75%: forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC; MMEF: maximum mid-expiratory flow.