Table 4.
Sample type | Date of sample collection (mm/dd/yyyy) | Filtration volume (mL) | qPCR assays (copies/L) |
Nested PCR |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N_sarbeco |
NIID_2019-nCOV_N |
CDC-N1 |
CDC-N2 |
ORF1a |
S protein |
|||||||||
EMVa | Directb | EMV | Direct | EMV | Direct | EMV | Direct | EMV | Direct | EMV | Direct | |||
Influent | 3/17/2020 | 200 | <7.3 × 104 | NTc | <7.3 × 104 | NT | <7.3 × 104 | NT | <7.3 × 104 | NT | NDd | NT | ND | NT |
4/14/2020 | 200 | <6.8 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <6.8 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <6.8 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <6.8 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
4/22/2020 | 200 | <8.2 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <8.2 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <8.2 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <8.2 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
4/30/2020 | 200 | <6.6 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <6.6 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <6.6 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <6.6 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
5/7/2020 | 200 | <7.1 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <7.1 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <7.1 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | <7.1 × 104 | <4.0 × 103 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
Secondary-treated wastewater before chlorination | 3/17/2020 | 5000 | <1.4 × 103 | NT | <1.4 × 103 | NT | <1.4 × 103 | NT | <1.4 × 103 | NT | ND | NT | ND | NT |
4/14/2020 | 5000 | 2.4 × 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.5 × 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.5 × 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.5 × 103 | <1.6 × 102 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
4/22/2020 | 5000 | <2.5× 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <2.5× 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <2.5× 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <2.5× 103 | <1.6 × 102 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
4/30/2020 | 5000 | <1.5 × 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.5 × 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.5 × 103 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.5 × 103 | <1.6 × 102 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
5/7/2020 | 5000 | <1.4 × 102 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.4 × 102 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.4 × 102 | <1.6 × 102 | <1.4 × 102 | <1.6 × 102 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
River water | 4/22/2020 | 3000 | <3.0 × 103 | <2.7 × 102 | <3.0 × 103 | <2.7 × 102 | <3.0 × 103 | <2.7 × 102 | <3.0 × 103 | <2.7 × 102 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
4/30/2020 | 4000 | <8.1 × 102 | <2.0 × 102 | <8.1 × 102 | <2.0 × 102 | <8.1 × 102 | <2.0 × 102 | <8.1 × 102 | <2.0 × 102 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
5/7/2020 | 4000 | <3.7 × 102 | <2.0 × 102 | <3.7 × 102 | <2.0 × 102 | <3.7 × 102 | <2.0 × 102 | <3.7 × 102 | <2.0 × 102 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Water sample concentrated by the electronegative membrane-vortex method, followed by RNA extraction using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen).
Direct RNA extraction from the electronegative membrane filter using the RNeasy PowerWater Kit (Qiagen).
NT, not tested.
ND, not detected.