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. 2019 May 28;31(7):1409–1416. doi: 10.1007/s00192-019-03975-0

Table 2.

Obstetric variables among 410 Swedish first-time mothers

n (%)
Induction of labour
  Yes 61 (14.9)
  No 348 (84.9)
  Missing 1 (0.2)
Epidural analgesia
  Yes 232 (56.6)
  No 177 (43.2)
  Missing 1 (0.2)
Passive second stage
  <1 h 99 (24.1)
  1 to <2 h 195 (47.6)
  2 to <3 h 59 (14.4)
  > 3 h 37 (9.0)
  Missing 20 (4.9)
Active second stage
  <30 min 353 (86.1)
  30–60 min 24 (5.9)
  >60 min 13 (3.2)
  Missing 20 (4.9)
Spontaneous pushing
  Yes 343 (83.7)
  No 57 (13.9)
  Missing 10 (2.7)
Birth position
  Flexible sacrum position 253 (61.8)
  Non-flexible sacrum position 156 (38.0)
  Missing 1 (0.2)
Presentation
  Occiput anterior 396 (96.6)
  Occiput posterior 14 (3.4)
Birth weight
  <3,000 g 49 (12.0)
  3,000–3,499 g 169 (41.2)
  3,500–4,000 g 150 (36.6)
  >4,000 g 41 (10.0)
  Missing 1 (0.2)
Head circumference
  <34.9 cm 278 (67.8)
  >35 cm 129 (31.5)
  Missing 3 (0.7)
Perineal teara
  Minor (0–1) 85 (20.7)
  Medium I (2a+b) 277 (67.6)
  Medium II (2c)b 30 (7.3)
  Severe (3 + 4) 15 (3.7)
  Missing 3 (0.7)

aClassified according to National Guidelines [14]

bEpisiotomy (2, 6%) was classified as second-degree tear 2c