Table 2.

CV and non-CV causes of elevating NPs in peripheral blood.

CV causes	Non-CV causes
Acute and chronic HF	Sepsis/shock
LV hypertrophy	Severe infections
Pulmonary hypertension	Critical ill patients
ACS/AMI	Acute and chronic kidney failure
Stable CAD	Severe trauma/surgery
Multifocal atherosclerosis	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cardiomyopathies	Severe bronchial asthma
Myocarditis	Pneumonia
Atrial fibrillation and flutter	Large burns and frostbite
Hypertension	Stroke
Congenital and acquired valvular heart disease	Kidney amyloidosis
Pericardial disease	Diabetes mellitus
Cardiac toxicity due to tumoricidal therapy	Thyroid dysfunction
Electrical cardioversion/ablation	Anemia
Successful resuscitation	Pleural disease

HF: heart failure; LV: left ventricular; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CAD: coronary artery disease.