Table 2.

Concentrations of metabolites and fALFF in pregenual ACC and OCC during EU and HG

	T1D group				Control group				Linear mixed-effects model P
	EU (n = 13)	HG (n = 13)	HG – EU	Contrast P	EU (n = 11)	HG (n = 11)	HG – EU	Contrast P	Group	Condition	Condition × group
ACC
Metabolite
Glu	12.3 ± 0.9	13.5 ± 2.0	1.2	0.014	12.8 ± 1.6	12.6 ± 1.1	−0.2	0.578	0.706	0.194	0.035
NAA	8.9 ± 1.1	9.4 ± 1.1	0.5	0.043	8.9 ± 1.1	8.9 ± 1.2	0.0	0.971	0.575	0.154	0.170
Activity index
fALFF4	0.36 ± 0.04	0.36 ± 0.05	0.00	0.449	0.39 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.02	−0.05	0.002	0.274	0.004	0.061
OCC
Metabolite
Glu	7.9 ± 0.6	7.8 ± 0.8	−0.1	0.401	7.4 ± 0.7	7.7 ± 0.8	0.3	0.266	0.242	0.750	0.164
NAA	7.8 ± 0.4	7.7 ± 0.4	−0.1	0.389	7.5 ± 0.3	7.5 ± 0.2	0.0	0.608	0.008	0.875	0.345
Activity index
fALFF4	0.41 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.04	0.02	0.196	0.44 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.04	−0.02	0.088	0.656	0.667	0.033

Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Metabolite concentrations are in units of mmol/kg wet weight brain tissue; activity index values are ratios. P values are from the linear mixed-effects model, with main effects of group, condition, and condition × group interaction and contrasts between HG and EU for each group. P values that meet the partial Bonferroni-corrected threshold for significance (P = 0.039) appear in boldface type. Glu, glutamate; HG – EU, change from EU to HG in mmol/kg wet weight brain tissue (mean).