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. 2020 Apr 14;69(7):1492–1502. doi: 10.2337/db19-0620

Figure 5.

Figure 5

CD4+ T cells specific for DR4-restricted HIPs are more frequent in subjects with T1D. A: Comparison of total HIP-reactive CD4+ T-cell frequencies in the peripheral blood of 21 healthy control subjects and 22 subjects with T1D. The total frequencies of HIP-reactive T cells (HIPs 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.18, 4.39, and 4.40 combined) were significantly higher (P = 0.0004) in subjects with T1D than in HLA-matched control subjects. B: The individual frequencies were significantly higher in subjects with T1D (filled circles) than in healthy control subjects (open circles) for HIP-4.2 and HIP-4.18 (P = 0.0075 and P = 0.005, respectively). Individual frequencies for HIP-4.1 and HIP-4.39 also trended toward having higher frequencies (P = 0.062 and P = 0.058, respectively) but did not reach statistical significance. C: HIP-specific CD4+ T cells in subjects with T1D had a significantly higher (P = 0.0065) proportion of memory (CD45RA−) T cells than healthy control subjects. D: Correspondingly, the memory frequencies were significantly higher in subjects with T1D (filled circles) than in healthy control subjects (open circles) for HIP-4.1, HIP-4.2, HIP-4.18, and HIP-4.39 (P = 0.0065, P = 0.0026, P = 0.011, and P = 0.029, respectively). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. RA-, CD45RA−.