Table 1.
Reported rodent models assessing alcohol-induced hyperalgesia/allodynia
| Rodent models of alcohol-induced hyperalgesia/allodynia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Timeline | Species/strain/sex | Analgesic test performed | Reference |
| Self-administration | ||||
| Continuous access two-bottle choice (water vs. increasing concentrations of alcohol, 3–6–10%) | 6 days of alcohol exposure/week Analgesic response measured 24 hours following alcohol removal |
Mouse C57Bl/6J Male only |
Mechanical (von Frey) Thermal (heat, tail-flick) Inflammatory (formalin) |
Smith et al. (2016a) |
| Drinking-in-the-dark two-bottle choice (water vs. 10% alcohol) | 3 weeks of alcohol exposure (4 hours/5 days a week) Analgesic response measured 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days following alcohol removal |
Mouse C57Bl/6 Male only |
Mechanical (von Frey) | Alongkronrusmee et al. (2016) |
| Drinking-in-the-dark (water vs. 20% alcohol) | 4 days of alcohol exposure (4 hours/day) Analgesic responses measured 1, 5–11 days following alcohol removal |
Mouse C57Bl/6 Male and female |
Inflammatory (formalin) Mechanical (von Frey) Thermal (cold, acetone evaporation) |
Bergeson et al. (2016) |
| Intermittent access, two-bottle choice (water vs. 20% alcohol) | 12 weeks of alcohol exposure (24 hours/5 days a week) Analgesic responses measured after 4, 8 or 12 weeks of alcohol exposure |
Rat Sprague-Dawley Male only |
Mechanical (von Frey) Thermal (heat, radiant heat) |
Fu et al. (2015) |
| No-choice self-administration | ||||
| Liquid diet containing ethanol (6.5%) | 10 days of liquid diet exposure Analgesic response measured 3, 6, 12 and 36 hours following ethanol removal |
Rat Long–Evans Male only |
Thermal (heat, tail-flick) | Gatch, (2006), Gatch and Lal (1999) |
| Liquid diet containing ethanol (6.5%) | 4 days of liquid diet, 3 days of standard chow (‘4 days on/3 days off’) for 5 weeks Analgesic response measured 3 days following alcohol removal |
Rat Sprague-Dawley Male only |
Mechanical (Randall–Selitto) | Dina et al. (2006) |
| Liquid diet containing ethanol (escalating, 2.5% to 5%) | 72 days of alcohol exposure Analgesic response measured once every 5 days after 7 days following alcohol removal |
Rat Fischer 344 Male |
Mechanical (Randall–Selitto) | Narita et al. (2007b) |
| Experimenter-controlled | ||||
| Chronic intermittent alcohol vapora | 11–12 weeks of alcohol vapor (14 hours/day) Analgesic response measured during withdrawal period (8 hours after vapor off) |
Rat Wistar Male only |
Mechanical (von Frey) | Edwards et al. (2012) |
| Chronic intermittent alcohol vapor | 4–9 weeks of alcohol vapor (14 hours/day) Analgesic response measured during withdrawal period (6–8 hours after vapor off), twice weekly |
Rat Wistar Male only |
Thermal (Hargreaves’) | Avegno et al. (2018), Roltsch Hellard et al. (2017) |
| Oral gavage (2 or 3 g/kg ethanol) | 3 weeks of alcohol exposure (5 consecutive days/week) Analgesic response measured 24 hours after final alcohol exposure |
Mouse C57Bl/6 Male only |
Mechanical (von Frey) | Alongkronrusmee et al. (2016) |
Models described assessed acute withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia or allodynia. Does not include models of alcoholic neuropathy.
aAnimals also exposed to two-bottle choice (10% ethanol vs. water) and ethanol operant self-administration (12 hours/session, 12 sessions) prior to vapor exposure.