Table 1:
EAST27 | Denver28 | Memphis30 | Utah29 | McGovern31 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neurologic abnormality unexplained by imaging | x | x | x | ||
Focal neurologic deficit | x | x | x | ||
GCS score of 8 or less | x | x | x | ||
Lefort II or III facial fractures | x | x | x | ||
Petrous bone fracture | x | x | x | ||
Cervical spine fracture | x | x | x | ||
Stroke on imaging | x | x | x | ||
Carotid canal fracture | x | x | |||
Blunt trauma and epistaxis | x | ||||
Neck/nose/mouth arterial hemorrhage | x | ||||
Anisocoria | x | ||||
Cervical bruit | x | ||||
Diffuse axonal injury | x | ||||
Basilar skull fracture | x | ||||
Mechanism of injury (motor-vehicle or automobile-pedestrian accident) | x | ||||
High energy mechanism with associated featuresa | x |
Mandible fracture, complex skull fracture/basilar skull fracture/occipital condyle fracture, DAI and GCS score of less than 6, near- hanging with anoxic brain injury, clothesline type injury, scalp degloving, TBI with thoracic injury, thoracic vascular injury, blunt cardiac rupture