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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Place. 2020 Apr 13;63:102331. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102331

Table 5.

Indirect Effects from Mediation of MTO Treatment Effects on Mental Health by External Measures of Collective Efficacy and Subscales in Boston, Chicago, and New York; Unimputed and Imputed Modelsa,b,c

GIRLS’ DISTRESS Unimputed Imputed
Mediators Method Beta (SE) P Beta (SE) P
Collective Efficacy PM 0.005 (0.016) 0.758 0.014 (0.019) 0.470
IOW −0.003 (0.031) 0.915 −0.007 (0.031) 0.829
Informal Social Control PM 0.002 (0.014) 0.896 −0.045 (0.021) 0.031
IOW −0.002 (0.030) 0.948 −0.006 (0.030) 0.833
Social Cohesion PM 0.011 (0.018) 0.512 0.021 (0.018) 0.241
IOW 0.002 (0.031) 0.939 −0.0001 (0.032) 0.997
BOYS’ DISTRESS Unimputed Imputed
Mediators Method Beta (SE) P Beta (SE) P
Collective Efficacy PM 0.008 (0.016) 0.615 0.020 (0.016) 0.213
IOW 0.009 (0.030) 0.771 0.015 (0.029) 0.613
Informal Social Control PM 0.001 (0.015) 0.954 0.002 (0.014) 0.916
IOW 0.001 (0.031) 0.978 0.005 (0.029) 0.852
Social Cohesion PM 0.021 (0.018) 0.235 0.024 (0.018) 0.175
IOW 0.018 (0.031) 0.555 0.025 (0.029) 0.387
BOYS’ BPI Unimputed Imputed
Mediators Method Beta (SE) P Beta (SE) P
Collective Efficacy PM −0.022 (0.015) 0.130 −0.015 (0.014) 0.301
IOW 0.008 (0.032) 0.806 0.011 (0.031) 0.711
Informal Social Control PM −0.016 (0.013) 0.226 −0.010 (0.014) 0.471
IOW 0.007 (0.031) 0.830 0.009 (0.031) 0.763
Social Cohesion PM −0.027 (0.016) 0.093 −0.021 (0.016) 0.180
IOW 0.007 (0.033) 0.830 0.011 (0.031) 0.722
a

Data sources: Boston Neighborhoods Survey (2000); Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (1994–1995); New York Social Environment Survey (2005).

b

Unimputed sample size: N=878 girls, N=828 boys

c

Multiple imputation via chained equations was used to impute missing data on mediators using nonmissing data on the other mediators. Sample size with multiple imputation: N=953 girls, 898 boys

Notes: Linear regression models adjusted for: youth age, black race, Hispanic ethnicity, gifted student, learning problems, behavioral problems, school asked to talk about problems youth was having with schoolwork or behavior, youth expelled from school, parental education, parental marital status, parental employment status, parental school enrollment status, parental receipt of public assistance/welfare, no teens present in baseline household, lived in baseline neighborhood for 5 years or move, parent believed streets in baseline neighborhood were very unsafe at night, and moved more than 3 times prior to baseline.

PM=Product Method; IOW=Inverse Odds Weight