TABLE 3.
Impact of winter season on different clinical parameters and outcomes in comparison to summer season
| All PE patients (sex-unspecific analyses) | Univariate analysis OR (95% CI) | p-value | Multivariate analysis# OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Reperfusion treatment | ||||
| Surgical pulmonary embolectomy | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.415 | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | 0.950 |
| Systemic thrombolysis | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.041 | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.008 |
| Risk stratification | ||||
| Haemodynamically unstable PE | 1.01 (0.98–1.02) | 0.942 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.238 |
| Right ventricular dysfunction | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | <0.001 |
| Tachycardia | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) | 0.005 | 0.96 (0.91–1.00) | 0.041 |
| Syncope | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.582 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.955 |
| In-hospital outcomes | ||||
| CPR | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 0.068 | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.017 |
| In-hospital death | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.008 | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 |
| Intra-hospital bleeding events | ||||
| Gastro-intestinal bleeding | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 0.400 | 0.97 (0.95–1.05) | 0.869 |
| Subarachnoid bleeding | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) | 0.004 | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) | 0.005 |
| Intracerebral bleeding | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 0.082 | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 0.073 |
| Men | Univariate OR (95% CI) | p-value | Multivariate¶ OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Reperfusion treatment | ||||
| Surgical pulmonary embolectomy | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.524 | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 0.973 |
| Systemic thrombolysis | 1.06 (1.01–1.10) | 0.011 | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) | 0.002 |
| Risk stratification | ||||
| Haemodynamically unstable PE | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.424 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.936 |
| Right ventricular dysfunction | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | <0.001 | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | <0.001 |
| Tachycardia | 0.93 (0.88–1.00) | 0.036 | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) | 0.145 |
| Syncope | 1.00 (0.95–1.07) | 0.901 | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.821 |
| In-hospital outcomes | ||||
| CPR | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.803 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.483 |
| In-hospital death | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.154 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.015 |
| Intra-hospital bleeding events | ||||
| Gastro-intestinal bleeding | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.185 | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 0.406 |
| Subarachnoid bleeding | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.565 | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | 0.619 |
| Intracerebral bleeding | 1.02 (0.91–1.13) | 0.785 | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | 0.829 |
| Women | Univariate OR (95% CI) | p-value | Multivariate¶ OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Reperfusion treatment | ||||
| Surgical pulmonary embolectomy | 0.95 (0.76–1.19) | 0.647 | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) | 0.978 |
| Systemic thrombolysis | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.666 | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.522 |
| Risk stratification | ||||
| Haemodynamically unstable PE | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.332 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.117 |
| Right ventricular dysfunction | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 |
| Tachycardia | 0.95 (0.89–1.00) | 0.068 | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 0.153 |
| Syncope | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.592 | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.812 |
| In-hospital outcomes | ||||
| CPR | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 0.016 | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) | 0.008 |
| In-hospital death | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.025 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 0.001 |
| Intra-hospital bleeding events | ||||
| Gastro-intestinal bleeding | 1.00 (0.94–1.08) | 0.918 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 0.566 |
| Subarachnoid bleeding | 0.70 (0.57–0.86) | 0.001 | 0.70 (0.57–0.86) | 0.001 |
| Intracerebral bleeding | 0.85 (0.76–0.96) | 0.006 | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.004 |
PE: pulmonary embolism; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation. #: Adjustment I; ¶: Adjustment II.