Table 5. Deregulated lncRNA and target genes related to neuropathic human pain disorders or preclinical models of neuropathic pain. For ethical reasons, bilateral CCI was excluded as a model.
| lncRNA | Regulation | Target | Gene description | Validation | Pain model | Tissue | Species | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Competing endogenous RNA | |||||||||
| TUSC7 | ↓ | miR-449a | microRNA 449a | RIP | SCI | Spinal cord | Rat | lncRNA–miRNA interaction | [83] |
| XIST | ↑ | miR-34a | microRNA 34a | LucA | CRPS; CFA-induced inflammation | Whole blood | Human; mouse | lncRNA–miRNA interaction | [57] |
| circHIPK3 | ↑ | miR-124 | microRNA 124 | LucA/RNA pull down | DNP | Serum; DRG | Human;rat | lncRNA–miRNA interaction | [176] |
| Upregulation of target gene | |||||||||
| BC168687 | ↑ | Trpv1 | Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 | siRNA/WB, immunostaining | DPN | DRG | Rat | Not specified | [192] |
| BC168687 | ↑ | P2rx7 | Purinergic receptor P2X 7 | siRNA/RT-qPCR, WB, immunostaining | DNP | Satellite glial cells cultures | Rat | Not specified | [191] |
| BC168687 | ↑ | P2rx7 | Purinergic receptor P2X 7 | siRNA/WB, immunostaining | DPN | DRG | Rat | Not specified | [193] |
| MRAK009713 | ↑ | P2rx3 | Purinergic receptor P2X 3 | siRNA/WB, RIP, immunostaining | CCI | DRG | Rat | lncRNA–protein interaction | [194] |
| NONRATT021972 | ↑ | P2rx3 | Purinergic receptor P2X 3 | siRNA/WB, immunostaining | DPN | DRG | Rat | Not specified | [177] |
| NONRATT021972 | ↑ | P2rx7 | Purinergic receptor P2X 7 | siRNA/WB, immunostaining | DPN | DRG | Rat | lncRNA–mRNA prediction | [195] |
| PKIA-AS1 | ↑ | CDK6 | Cyclin dependent kinase 6 | LucA; siRNA/WB; RIP | SNL | Spinal cord | Rat | Enhancement of promotor activity | [196] |
| uc.48+ | ↑ | P2rx3 | Purinergic receptor P2X 3 | siRNA/WB, immunostaining | DPN | DRG | Rat | Not specified | [178] |
| uc.48+ | ↑ | P2rx7 | Purinergic receptor P2X 7 | siRNA/WB, immunostaining; RIP | CCI-ION | Trigeminal ganglia | Rat | lncRNA–protein interaction | [197] |
| Down-regulation of target gene | |||||||||
| Kcna2-NAT | ↑ | Kcna2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 | LucA; overexpression, WB | SNL, CCI, sciatic nerve axotomy | DRG | Rat | lncRNA–mRNA interaction | [198] |
| Egr2-NAT | ↑ | Egr2 | Early growth response 2 | Overexpression; anti-GapMers; ChIP/WB; RIP/WB | Sciatic nerve injury | DRG: sciatic nerve | Mouse | Chromatin remodelling complex recruitment | [199] |
Abbreviations: CCI, chronic constriction injury; CCI-ION, chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve; CFA, Complete Freund’s adjuvant; CRPS, chronic regional pain syndrome; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; DRG, dorsal root ganglia; LucA, luciferase assay; RIP, RNA immunoprecipitation; SCI, spinal cord injury; SNL, sciatic nerve ligation; WB, Western blot.