Study |
Concentration (units/ml) |
Diluent |
Number of injection sites |
Units per site |
Total units per hand |
Frequency of treatment (range) |
Average follow-up time |
Fregene et al., 2009 [3] |
50 |
2.0 ml of normal saline solution |
2-4 |
* |
10-100 |
* |
18 months |
Neumeister et al., 2009 [18] |
5 |
20 ml of normal saline solution |
1-4 |
* |
50-100 |
One treatment set at baseline; 4 patients (21%) required 2-4 additional injections |
13-59 months |
Uppal et al., 2014 [8] |
20 |
5 ml of normal saline solution |
10 |
10 |
100 |
One treatment set at baseline |
6 months |
Motegi et al, 2016 [7] |
20 |
2.5 ml of normal saline solution |
2 |
5 |
10 |
One treatment set at baseline |
16 weeks |
Wang et al., 2016 [1] |
25 |
4 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride |
9 |
2.5 |
22.5 |
One treatment set at baseline |
2 months |
Bello et al., 2017 [9] |
20 |
2.5 ml of sterile saline solution |
7 |
5-10 |
50 |
One treatment set at baseline |
4 months |
Medina et al., 2018 [13] |
20 |
5 ml of 0.9% saline serum |
8 |
4-8 |
32-64 |
One treatment set at baseline |
3 years |