Table 1.
Sample Information of All Ancient Chinese Goats
| ID | Site | Date (YBP) | Sex | Mt Hap | Cov. Auto | Cov. Mt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMG04 | Shimao | ∼3,900 | M | A | 0.013 | 2.788 |
| SMG05 | Shimao | ∼3,900 | F | A | 0.007 | 2.342 |
| SMG07* | Shimao | ∼3,900 | M | B | 0.036 | 8.208 |
| SMG10 | Shimao | ∼3,900 | M | A | 0.097 | 4.067 |
| SMG11* | Shimao | ∼3,900 | M | C | 0.020 | 9.730 |
| MZG20 | Muzhuzhuliang | 2,740–2,680 | F | A | 1.051 | 41.872 |
| MZG28 | Muzhuzhuliang | ∼2,700 | F | A | 0.024 | 3.344 |
| MZG29 | Muzhuzhuliang | ∼2,700 | F | A | 0.181 | 15.586 |
| MZG34 | Muzhuzhuliang | ∼2,700 | F | A | 0.092 | 5.273 |
| MZG38 | Muzhuzhuliang | ∼2,700 | F | A | 0.105 | 8.602 |
| BG1 | Xinzhouyaozi | ∼2,500 | F | B | 0.067 | 45.689 |
| BG2 | Xinzhouyaozi | ∼2,500 | F | A | 0.204 | 78.515 |
| BG3 | Xinzhouyaozi | ∼2,500 | M | A | 0.118 | 72.911 |
| BG4 | Xinzhouyaozi | ∼2,500 | F | D | 0.059 | 34.689 |
| LSM11 | Xiaoshuanggucheng | ∼2,500 | F | A | 0.366 | 91.485 |
| WDH03 | Wangdahu | ∼2,500 | F | A | 0.732 | 62.431 |
| WDH05 | Wangdahu | ∼2,500 | F | A | 0.575 | 108.729 |
| WDH06* | Wangdahu | ∼2,500 | F | A | 8.106 | 567.882 |
| WDH08 | Wangdahu | ∼2,500 | M | A | 0.038 | 2.824 |
| JLS05 | Jiulongshan | ∼2,500 | F | C | 0.047 | 2.606 |
| JLS06 | Jiulongshan | ∼2,500 | F | D | 0.354 | 29.336 |
| ZZ01 | Zhongzhuang | ∼2,500 | F | B | 0.135 | 4.226 |
| YJL01 | Yanjialiang | ∼650 | F | A | 7.350 | 661.325 |
| YJL02* | Yanjialiang | 670–625 | M | A | 13.439 | 455.267 |
| GTM01 | Tianxi | 438–350 | F | B | 0.051 | 3.439 |
| GTM02 | Tianxi | 524–435 | F | B | 0.099 | 13.702 |
| GTM03 | Tianxi | 473–308 | F | A | 1.524 | 285.982 |
| GTM04 | Tianxi | ∼450 | F | B | 0.020 | 3.629 |
| GTM06 | Tianxi | ∼450 | M | B | 0.202 | 107.890 |
| GTM08 | Tianxi | ∼450 | F | B | 0.181 | 57.152 |
| GTM11 | Tianxi | ∼450 | F | B | 0.189 | 57.842 |
Note.—Samples marked with an asterisk were previously published (Zheng et al. 2020). “Mt Hap,” mitochondrial haplogroup; “Cov. Auto,” mean depth of coverage across autosomes; “Cov. Mt,” mean depth of coverage across mitochondria. Calibrated radiocarbon dates are shown in bold with 95.4% confidence interval. Dates in plain text are estimated from the archaeological context or the radiocarbon dates from the same site (Supplementary Material online). Note that the majority of Muzhuzhuliang belong to the Longshan culture, similar to the Shimao site, while a few remains are more recent. Five Muzhuzhuliang samples were collected in this study. One of them, MZG20, was radiocarbon dated to ~2700 YBP. Therefore, the other four samples in this site without radiocarbon-dated are also marked as ~2700 YBP (Supplementary Material online).