Table 3.
Mean values (SD) for mental health and stress-related symptoms over time based on raw data. Mean differences between groups calculated with multivariate ANOVA* with baseline as covariate are given in the two columns to the right
| Mean values† (SD) | Baseline 6 months | Baseline 12 months | |||
| Baseline (n=100) |
6 months (n=87) |
12 months (n=84) |
Mean difference (95% CI) |
Mean difference (95% CI) |
|
| HAD—depression | |||||
| PSI | 9.00 (4.04) | 7.71 (4.44) | 6.57 (3.93) | 1.14 (−0.53; 2.82) | −0.23 (−1.81; 1.36) |
| CAU | 9.87 (4.61) | 7.03 (4.40) | 7.04 (3.83) | ||
| HAD—anxiety | |||||
| PSI | 10.88 (4.31) | 9.26 (4.10) | 8.79 (4.38) | 0.74 (−0.74; 2.21) | 0.84 (−0.94;2.62) |
| CAU | 11.22 (3.99) | 9.08 (3.80) | 7.88 (3.99) | ||
| MBI—exhaustion | |||||
| PSI | 4.18 (1.54) | 3.72 (1.68) | 3.55 (1.55) | 0.23 (−0.39; 0.84) | <−0.01 (−0.58; 0.58) |
| CAU | 4.23 (1.46) | 3.77 (1.68) | 3.50 (1.58) | ||
| KSQ sleep quality | |||||
| PSI | 3.26 (1.37) | 3.58 (1.27) | 3.62 (1.19) | −0.28 (−0.74;0.18) | −0.11 (−0.56; 0.33) |
| CAU | 3.36 (1.27) | 3.86 (1.26) | 3.86 (1.22) | ||
| EQ5D | |||||
| PSI | 71.18 (20.55) | 74.34 (19.27) | 76.28 (19.01) | −4.46 (−12.68; 3.77) | −1.63 (−9.97; 6.71) |
| CAU | 68.33 (22.49) | 76.58 (18.84) | 77.62 (20.20) | ||
| Self-perceived general health | |||||
| PSI | 3.44 (0.90) | 3.53 (0.86) | 3.29 (0.91) | 0.37 (0.002; 0.73) | 0.18 (−0.18; 0.54) |
| CAU | 3.22 (1.15) | 3.11 (0.91) | 3.00 (0.90) | ||
| Work ability—physical‡ | |||||
| PSI | 3.63 (1.11) | 3.88 (0.91) | 4.00 (1.06) | −0.12 (−0.60; 0.37) | −0.11 (−0.52; 0.30) |
| CAU | 3.95 (0.97) | 3.83 (1.14) | 4.02 (0.94) | ||
| Work ability—psychological‡ | |||||
| PSI | 2.75 (1.03) | 3.29 (0.91) | 3.75 (0.88) | 0.11 (−0.34; 0.55) | −0.23 (−0.62; 0.17) |
| CAU | 2.74 (1.19) | 3.34 (1.16) | 3.54 (1.09) | ||
| Job satisfaction | |||||
| PSI | 6.34 (2.12) | 6.29 (2.47) | 6.88 (1.98) | −0.55 (−1.56; 0.46) | 0.15 (−0.79; 1.10) |
| CAU | 6.20 (2.33) | 6.52 (2.45) | 6.62 (2.57) | ||
Bold numbers: p<0.05.
*Non-response in multivariate ANOVA was approximately 20% for CAU. It varied between 29% and 22% for PSI.
†The mean values given here are for all participants responding at the follow-ups.
‡Items included in the Work Ability Index.
ANOVA, Analysis of Variance; CAU, care as usual; EQ5D, European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions Questionnaire; HAD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; KSQ, Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire; MBI, Maslach Burnout Inventory; PSI, problem-solving Intervention.