Table 3.

Effect of C-dECMs on chondrocyte/stem cell proliferation.

dECM origin	Seeded cell type	Treatment	Analysis	Results	Reference
human BMSC	human BMSC	seeded onto dECMs in the expansion medium for 14 days	cell number	strongly promoted proliferation with a low level of ROS	96
human BMSC	human BMSC	seeded on dECMs	cell number	promoted cell proliferation	95
human BMSC	human BMSC	cultured on TCPS coated with dECMs	DNA content	dECMs extracted in urea dramatically enhanced cell proliferation compared to collagen and HPMECM coating	97
human BMSC (fetal and adult)	human adult BMSC	cultured on dECMs from fetal and adult BMSCs	cell number	superior proliferation on fetal dECMs compared to other conditions including TCPS and adult dECMs	101
human BMSC	human BMSC	cultured on dECMs supplemented with melatonin	DNA content	promoted cell proliferation and improved melatonin-mediated cell proliferation	100
human IFPSC	human IFPSC	expanded on dECMs	proliferation index	promoted stem cell proliferation	65
human SDSC	human SDSC	expanded on dECMs by exposing to varied concentrations of H₂O₂	proliferation index and cell number	promoted proliferation and alleviated oxidative stress-mediated proliferation reduction by lowering apoptosis rate and elevating G1 transition	237
human SDSC (fetal and adult)	human adult SDSC	expanded on dECMs from fetal and adult SDSCs	cell number/ apoptotic percentage	promoted proliferation and decreased apoptosis; fetal dECM was higher proliferation than adult dECM	69
human SDSC	human SDSC	expanded on dECMs	cell number	promoted cell proliferation	140
human SDSC	human SDSC	expanded on dECMs and treated with sb203580	cell number	enhanced proliferation and further enhanced by sb203580 preconditioning	238
human UC-MSC	human UC-MSC	cultured on dECMs	DNA content	promoted UC-MSC proliferation compared to TCPS	239
porcine chondrocyte	human BMSC	cultured on dECM–collagen microspheres	live/dead viability	supported cell survival after 7-day culture	102
porcine chondrocyte	rabbit chondrocyte	seeded on physically prepared dECM in a culture medium	DNA content	supported chondrocyte proliferation	240
porcine chondrocyte	rabbit chondrocyte	seeded on physically prepared dECM in a culture medium for 2 days, 2 weeks and 4 weeks	DNA content	supported chondrocyte proliferation	241
porcine SDSC	porcine chondrocyte	cultured on dECMs	cell number	enhanced chondrocyte expansion	99
porcine SDSC	porcine NPC	cultured on dECMs	cell number	enhanced NPC proliferation	98
porcine SDSC	porcine SDSC	cultured on dECM	cell number	promoted proliferation compared to TCPS	31
porcine SDSC	porcine SDSC	seeded on dECMs	cell number	greatly enhanced cell proliferation	242
porcine SDSC	porcine SDSC	expanded on dECMs	p-cyclin D1 expression	enhanced SDSC proliferation	217
porcine SDSC and chondrocyte	porcine SDSC and chondrocyte	expanded on dECMs from both SDSCs and chondrocytes	cell number	promoted cell proliferation during expansion on both dECMs, especially on SDSC-derived dECMs	92
porcine SDSC and IFPSC	porcine IFPSC	expanded on dECMs from SDSCs/IPFSCs	cell number	enhanced cell proliferation	91
porcine SDSC and NPC	porcine SDSC	cultured on dECMs from SDSCs, NPCs and SDSCs/NPCs that were fabricated under normoxia or hypoxia	cell number	enhanced in vitro proliferation, similar in normoxia- and hypoxia-made dECMs	94
rat chondrocyte	rat chondrocyte	seeded on dECMs	cell number	promoted chondrocyte proliferation	93

Abbreviations:BMSC: bone marrow stromal cell; dECM: decellularized extracellular matrix; HPMECM: pepsin digested mesenchymal stem cell-derived dECM; IPFSC: infrapatellar fat pad derived stem cell; NPC: nucleus pulposus cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SDSC: synovium derived stem cell; TCPS: tissue culture polystyrene; UC-MSC: umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell.