FIG 1.

Most common mammalian influenza hosts have two ANP32 proteins capable of supporting influenza polymerase. (A) Minigenome assays performed in human eHAP dKO cells with ANP32 proteins from different avian or mammalian species cotransfected. Green bars indicate species from which the influenza virus polymerase was isolated; orange bars indicate recent species from which the virus has jumped. Data indicate triplicate repeats plotted as mean with standard deviation. Data for each polymerase normalized to chicken ANP32A. (B) Western blot assay showing protein expression levels of FLAG-tagged ANP32 proteins, NP, and PB2 during a minigenome assay. (C) Immunofluorescence images showing nuclear localization of all FLAG-tagged ANP32 proteins (red) tested. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). ch, chicken; hu, human; sw, swine; eq, equine. Statistical significance was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with multiple comparisons against empty vector or between ANP32 proteins from the same host. *, 0.05 ≥ P > 0.01; **, 0.01 ≥ P > 0.001; ***, 0.001 ≥ P > 0.0001; ****, P ≤ 0.0001.