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. 2020 May 31;12(3):917–930. doi: 10.1111/os.12703

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© 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Maximum von Mises and shear stress in the annulus of the normal and degenerated lumbar spine finite element (FE) models in six directions. (A) Maximum von Mises stress in the annulus of the L₃–L₄ segment in all lumbar spine FE models. (B) Maximum von Mises stress in the annulus of the L₄–L₅ segment in all lumbar spine FE models. (C) Maximum von Mises stress in the annulus of the L₅–S₁ segment in all lumbar spine FE models. (D) Maximum shear stress in the annulus of the L₃–L₄ segment in all lumbar spine FE models. (E) Maximum shear stress in the annulus of the L₄–L₅ segment in all lumbar spine FE models. (F) Maximum shear stress in the annulus of the L₅–S₁ segment in all lumbar spine FE models.