Table 4.
Material properties and element types of the endplate, osteophytes and tissue between osteophytes in all lumbar spine models12, 24, 43, 44, 46
| Degree of lumbar disc degeneration | Young's modulus (MPa) | Poisson's ratio | Element type |
|---|---|---|---|
| No degeneration | |||
| Endplate | 24 | 0.4 | C3D8R |
| Osteophytes | — | — | — |
| Tissue between osteophytes | — | — | — |
| Mild degeneration | |||
| Endplate | 24 | 0.4 | C3D8R |
| Osteophytes | 100 | 0.4 | C3D8R |
| Tissue between osteophytes | Mooney–Rivlin, C1 = 0.4, C2 = 0.1 | C3D8RH | |
| Moderate degeneration | |||
| Endplate | 50 | 0.4 | C3D8R |
| Osteophytes | 100 | 0.4 | C3D8R |
| Tissue between osteophytes | Mooney–Rivlin, C1 = 0.6, C2 = 0.15 | C3D8RH | |
| Severe degeneration | |||
| Endplate | 100 | 0.4 | C3D8R |
| Osteophytes | 100 | 0.4 | C3D8R |
| Tissue between osteophytes | Mooney–Rivlin, C1 = 0.9, C2 = 0.23 | C3D8RH | |