Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Moment loading applied to each finite element model of the lumbar spine (Nm)
| Types | Flexion | Extension | RB | LB | RAR | LAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No degeneration | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| Mild degeneration | 11.3 | 10.6 | 11 | 11 | 11.9 | 11.7 |
| Moderate degeneration | 11.9 | 11.7 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 12.3 | 12.1 |
| Severe degeneration | 12.3 | 13.1 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.9 |
Dashes refer to the normal lumbar spine model lack osteophytes and tissue between osteophytes. LAR, left axial rotation; LB, left bending; RAR, right axial rotation; RB, right bending.
