Table 2.

Potential orthopaedic non-operative management options.

Indication	Non-operative treatment options
Fractures/non-unions	Bracing/splinting/casting Physical therapy Bone stimulation (LIPUS) Osteoporosis Medications
Osteoarthritis	Bracing Physical therapy Weight Loss NSAIDs Injectables:  Hyaluronic acid injection  Corticosteroid injection  Platelet-rich plasma
Soft tissue injury	Bracing/splinting/casting Physical therapy NSAIDs Injectables:  Corticosteroid injection*  Platelet-rich plasma  Local anaesthetics
Spine	Physical therapy Pain medication Bed rest

LIPUS, low intensity pulsed ultrasound; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

^*May be contraindicated for COVID-19 patients.