TABLE 2.
Baseline metabolites ranked from the highest to the lowest elastic net positive regression coefficients for high HOMA-IR (median or higher) at baseline (n = 700), 1 y (n = 502), and 3 y (n = 256) and for 1-y changes (metabolites and HOMA-IR)1
| Baseline HOMA-IR | HOMA-IR at 1 y | HOMA-IR at 3 y | 1-y changes in HOMA-IR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Methyladenosine | Isoleucine | Isoleucine | N-Acetyl-tryptophan |
| Alanine | Methyladenosine | Dimethylglycine | Methylguanosine |
| Valine | Alanine | N-Carbamoyl-β-alanine | Valine |
| C14:0 LPC | C4 Carnitine | Proline | C4 Carnitine |
| C4 Carnitine | Hypoxanthine | Pseudouridine | Methylhistidine |
| C3-DC-CH3 Carnitine | C3 Carnitine | Hypoxanthine | Alanine |
| C5 Carnitine | N-Acetyl-leucine | Glutamate | Tyrosine |
| C14:0 SM | 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid | Uric acid | C7 Carnitine |
| Cyclohexylamine | Cyclohexylamine | Thiamin | C26 Carnitine |
| Hydroxyproline | Thiamin | Adenosine | |
| Isoleucine | Xanthine | Sphinganine | |
| N-Acetyl-arginine | Proline | Serotonin | |
| Xanthine | C5 carnitine | ||
| Proline | Cortisol | ||
| Dimethylglycine | |||
| N-Acetyl-leucine | |||
| 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid | |||
| C2 Carnitine |
1
Cutoff values of median of HOMA-IR are ≥3.32 at baseline, ≥3.42 at 1 y, and ≥3.38 at 3 y. DC-CH3, decanoylcarnitine-methyl ; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; SM, sphingomyelin.