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Containment systems designed to prevent the spread of transgenic plasmids.
| Year | Lead Author | Species | Conditional Origin | toxin/antitoxin system | Survival ratio | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | SM. Knudsen | E. coli | RelF | 10^−5 | not tested | |
| 1994 | E. Diaz | E. coli | colicin E3 | 10^−4 | not tested | |
| 2000 | B.Torres | E. coli | EcoRI | 10^−4 | not tested | |
| 2003 | B.Torres | E. coli | EcoRI, colicin E3 | 10^−8 | not tested | |
| 2014 | O. Wright | E. coli | ColE2 | Kid or ζ | <10−3 | not tested |
