Table 3. Fall and winter bird-window collisions per day predicted by building risk and protective features: Generalized estimating equation results for replication of Brown et al. (2019).
95% Wald C.I. | p-value, original | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | S.E. | p | Exp(B) | Lower | Upper | Study | |
Model 1: All three predictors | |||||||
Intercept | −2.80 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
Pear trees | 0.49 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 1.64 | 0.72 | 3.71 | 0.04 |
Mirrored windows | 0.85 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 2.33 | 1.08 | 5.05 | 0.09 |
Bird-friendly glass | −1.30 | 0.77 | 0.09 | 0.27 | 0.06 | 1.23 | 0.78 |
Model 1: All three predictors | |||||||
Intercept | −3.14 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Pear trees | 1.20 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 3.33 | 1.71 | 6.49 | 0.01 |
Model 3: Mirrored windows only | |||||||
Intercept | −2.82 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
Mirrored windows | 1.37 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 3.92 | 2.04 | 7.54 | 0.01 |
Model 4: Bird-friendly glass | |||||||
Intercept | −2.28 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.01 |
Bird-friendly glass | −1.82 | 0.73 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.11 |
Model 5: Pear + mirrored, best fit | |||||||
Intercept | −3.14 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Pear trees | .84 | 0.40 | 0.04 | 2.31 | 1.05 | 5.06 | 0.01 |
Mirrored windows | .85 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 2.33 | 1.08 | 5.05 | 0.09 |
Notes.
- B
- B coefficient
- S.E.
- Standard error of B
- Exp(B)
- odds ratio
- CI
- confidence interval
Data were collected in fall 2019 and winter 2020 at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.