Table 3. Comparison of personal preventive measures before and during the COVID-19 outbreak among non-infected respondents who traveled to Hubei, China during COVID-19 outbreak in 2020.

	Number of missing data	Before outbreak (In Macau)	During outbreak (In Hubei)	P value
Wear a mask when outdoor (Yes, %)	0	7/42 (16.7)	40/42 (95.2)	<0.001*
Wear a mask when contact/talk with people (except those living together)
Every time (Yes, %)	2	4/40 (10)	38/40 (95)	<0.001*
Occasional (Yes, %)	2	4/40 (10)	1/40 (2.5)	0.375
No (Yes, %)	2	32/40 (80)	1/40 (2.5)	<0.001*
Often wash your hands with soap / liquid soap (Yes, %)	0	36/42 (85.7)	42/42 (100)	0.031*
If there was no handwashing facility on-site, would you wash your hands with alcohol-based hand sanitizers or disinfected wipes? (Yes, %)	0	30/42 (71.4)	40/42 (95.2)	0.006*
Clean and disinfect house regularly (Yes, %)	0	36/42 (85.7)	31/42 (73.8)	0.227
Frequency of household cleaning and disinfection
No regular cleaning (Yes, %)	2	6/40 (15)	11/40 (27.5)	0.227
Once a day (Yes, %)	2	7/40 (17.5)	13/40 (32.5)	0.146
Once every 2-3 days (Yes, %)	2	9/40 (22.5)	10/40 (25)	1.000
Once a week or more than a week (Yes, %)	2	18/40 (45)	6/40 (15)	0.012*
Clean mobile phone regularly (Yes, %)	1	18/41 (43.9)	27/41 (65.9)	0.012*
Clean clothes and personal belongings immediately once get back home (Yes, %)	0	15/42 (35.7)	33/42 (78.6)	<0.001*
Attend meal gatherings (except for family members cohabit with) regularly (Yes, %)	0	25/42 (59.5%)	5/42 (11.9%)	<0.001*
Number of meal gatherings per month (Mean)	0	2.78	0.14	–
Number of meal gatherings per month (Median)	0	1	0	<0.001*

Note:

^*Indicates P value < 0.05.