Table 4.

Echocardiographic findings in infective endocarditis

Echocardiographic findings in infective endocarditis
Infectious finding	Echocardiographic findings
Vegetation	Oscillating or nonoscillating intracardiac mass on valve or other endocardial structures, or on implanted intracardiac material
Abscess	Thickened, nonhomogeneous perivalvular area with echodense or echolucent appearance
Pseudoaneurysm	Pulsatile perivalvular echo-free space, with color Doppler flow detected
Perforation	Interruption of endocardial tissue continuity traversed by color Doppler flow
Fistula	Color Doppler communication between two neighboring cavities through a perforation
Valve aneurysm	Saccular bulging of valvular tissue
Dehiscence of a prosthetic valve	Paravalvular regurgitation identified by TTE/TOE, with or without rocking motion of the prosthesis

TTE=Transthoracic echocardiography, TOE=Transesophageal echocardiography