Table 1. Items evaluated in the HCR-20.

Historical subscale (H)

H1 Previous violence

H2 Young age at first violent incident

H3 Relationship instability

H4 Employment problems

H5 Substance use problems

H6 Severe mental illness

H7 Psychopathy

H8 Early maladjustment

H9 Personality disorder

H10 Prior supervision failure

Clinical subscale (C)

C1 Lack of insight

C2 Negative attitudes

C3 Active symptoms of severe mental illness

C4 Impulsivity

C5 Unresponsive to treatment

Risk management subscale (R)

R1 Plans lack feasibility

R2 Exposure to destabilisers

R3 Lack of social support

R4 Non-compliance with remediation attempts

R5 Stress

Note. HCR-20: The Historical Clinical Risk Management-20.