Table 3.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Carotid Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Measures by Lactation Duration Among Women with a History of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
| Never lactated (n = 27) | Some lactation (n = 49) | Lactation ≥6 months (n = 28) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiometabolic risk factors | ||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125 ± 20.7 | 119 ± 14.8 | 123 ± 19.7 | 0.432 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 84.0 ± 14.0 | 77.9 ± 12.4 | 80.7 ± 13.4 | 0.161 |
| Hypertension (%) | ||||
| No hypertension | 28.4% | 54.0% | 43.2% | 0.497 |
| Stage 1 | 30.7% | 20.5% | 17.7% | |
| Stage 2 | 40.8% | 25.5% | 39.1% | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180 ± 35.5 | 194 ± 31.7 | 195 ± 52.4 | 0.178 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 104 ± 26.8 | 117 ± 31.3 | 116 ± 40.1 | 0.141 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 53.9 ± 13.6 | 52.8 ± 11.0 | 54.6 ± 13.9 | 0.821 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 106 ± 47.1 | 120 ± 75.1 | 118 ± 83.7 | 0.556 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 104 ± 45.8 | 92.5 ± 10.3 | 94.1 ± 8.91 | 0.352 |
| Diabetes (%) | 13.3% | 5.1% | 6.8% | 0.573 |
| Carotid ultrasound | ||||
| CCA (mm) | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 0.63 ± 0.11 | 0.63 ± 0.12 | 0.198 |
| ICA (mm) | 0.53 ± 0.09 | 0.58 ± 0.26 | 0.55 ± 0.17 | 0.422 |
| Bulb (mm) | 0.58 ± 0.17 | 0.66 ± 0.28 | 0.67 ± 0.26 | 0.215 |
| Overall mean IMT (mm) | 0.57 ± 0.10 | 0.62 ± 0.15 | 0.62 ± 0.14 | 0.127 |
| AD (mm) | 6.92 ± 0.64 | 6.77 ± 0.48 | 6.68 ± 0.72 | 0.397 |
Continuous variables presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range); categorical variables presented as percentages.