(A) Schematic diagrams of alternating current (AC), and different frequency pulse currents (low MES55, middle MES550 and high MES5500). (B-F) IL-2 and TNF-α mRNA levels were analyzed in Jurkat T cells treated with AC (B), MES55 (C), MES550 (D) or MES5500 (E, F), and stimulated with PMA/Io. (G-I) Primary mouse splenocytes treated with MES5500 and stimulated with PMA/Io were analyzed by qRT-PCR to detect the indicated genes. Data were normalized to the level of GAPDH mRNA (internal control). Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 3 per group). *P < 0.05, ***P<0.001 assessed by Tukey-Kramer test. (n.s.; not significant). The data shown are representative of 2 or more independent experiments.