Figure 4.

Invasion inhibition of cell lines by plCSA-BNPs. Examination of the invasiveness of (A) human ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV3 cells, (B) human endometrial adenocarcinoma HEC-1-A cells and (C) human epithelial lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells treated with free BRU and the plCSA-BNPs for 24 h using the Transwell assay. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the significance of the differences among groups, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Values are expressed as means ± standard deviation. ^*P<0.05, ^***P<0.001, ^****P<0.0001. The experiments were repeated three times. Scale bar, 100 µm. BRU, brusatol; plCSA, placental chondroitin sulfate A; BNPs, BRU-loaded nanoparticles; NC, negative control.