Figure 2.
(a) AFM height image of the TOCNFs. (b) pH, conductivity, and viscosity of the aqueous lignin/TOCNF suspensions with different TOCNF contents at ∼22 °C. (c) Thermal degradation behavior of lignin and TOCNF against the processing time during the same heating process as the carbonization procedure used in this work. (d) Schematic of the expected microstructure of the lignin/TOCNF aerogel before and after carbonization. (e) N2 adsorption isotherms of LTCA8, LTCA10, and LTCA12 recorded at 77 K and their corresponding BET surface area.