Table 1.

Full list of notation and parameter values used

Parameter	Explanation	Value	Unit
	Population size		individuals
	Individual birth rate		week
	Aging from age group 1 (age 0–4) to 2 (age 5–59)		week
	Aging from age group 2 (age 5–59) to 3 (age 60+)		week
	Death rate (from age group 3 (age 60+) )		week
	Susceptibility of age group	To be estimated	individuals/week
	Immunity waning rate		week
	Recovery rate		week
	Phase shift of the seasonal forcing	To be estimated	1
	Amplitude of the seasonal forcing	To be estimated	1
	Force of infection of age group	Defined by Eqn. (3.3)	individuals/week
	Seasonal forcing function	Defined by Eqn. (3.4)	1
	Overdispersion parameter	To be estimated	1
	Scale parameter of the -noise	To be estimated	1
	Time step	To be estimated	week
	Basic reproduction number	To be estimated	individuals

The inverse of the yearly birth rate equals the sum of the inverses of the yearly aging and death rates which add up to which is the total life expectancy at birth in Germany averaged between the years 2001 and 2008, taken from The World Bank (2016). The averaged population size in Germany during that time period is taken from Statistisches Bundesamt (2016) and the reporting interval is 1 week. As in Atkins and others (2012), we assume that all individuals are immune against rotavirus for an average of one year. A more detailed discussion on the choice of this assumption can be found in Section 7.