Table 1: Population demographic and baseline characteristics.
| Characteristic | N=847 |
|---|---|
| Age, mean years ± SD | 49.89 ± 13.13 |
| Male | 369 (43.6) |
| Female | 478 (56.4) |
| Diabetes subtype | |
| T1DM | 14 (1.7) |
| T2DM | 794 (93.7) |
| GDM | 31 (3.7) |
| Other* | 8 (0.9) |
| Years with diabetes, mean ± SD | 9.79 ± 6.98 |
| Years on insulin, mean ± SD | 3.84 ± 4.05 |
| Responsible for injection | |
| Self | 578 (68.2) |
| Family member | 259 (30.6) |
| Paramedic | 10 (1.2) |
| Total daily dose of insulin, mean units ± SD | 41 ± 25 |
| <50 units | 621 (73.3) |
| 50–99 units | 185 (21.8) |
| ≥100 units | 41 (4.8) |
| Type of insulin used | |
| Human premixed | 393 (46.4) |
| Human regular only | 82 (9.7) |
| NPH only | 2 (0.2) |
| NPH + human regular | 96 (11.3) |
| Basal analogue only | 55 (6.5) |
| Bolus analogue only | 14 (1.7) |
| Basal-bolus analogue | 47 (5.5) |
| Premixed analogue | 76 (9.0) |
| Basal analogue + human regular | 76 (9.0) |
| Analogue co-formulation | 6 (0.7) |
| Frequency of injections (per day) | |
| 1 | 66 (7.8) |
| 2 | 540 (63.8) |
| 3 | 121 (14.3) |
| 4 | 113 (13.3) |
| ≥5 | 7 (0.8) |
| HbA1c %, mean ± SD (n=758) | 9.5 ± 2.0 |
| <7% | 45/758 (5.9) |
| ≥7% | 713/758 (94.1) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated.
*Specific types of diabetes due to other causes.
GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus; NPH = neutral protamine Hagedorn; SD = standard deviation; T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.