Table 3: Injection practices in ‘pain-present’ and ‘pain-free’ subgroups of the study subjects.

Parameter	Total patients (N=847)	Pain present (n=473)	Pain free (n=374)	p*
Insulin device
Syringe	68.1	73.2	61.8	<0.001
Pen	31.9	26.8	38.2
Main site of injection
Abdomen	63.6	60.3	67.9	0.022
Other than abdomen	36.4	39.7	32.1
Needle reuse
≤2 times	1.7	1.1	2.5	0.001
3–5 times	22.2	24.6	19.2
6–10 times	35.4	30.4	41.9
>10times	40.7	43.9	36.4
Needle length
4 mm	8.3	11.8	3.7	<0.001
5 mm	14.4	10.4	19.5
6 mm	31.8	26.4	38.5
8 mm	40.5	44.8	35.0
12 mm	5.1	6.6	3.2
Injects into a skinfold
Yes	89.7	90.1	89.3	0.401
No	10.3	9.9	10.7
Angle of needle entry
90 degrees	64.6	59.8	70.6	0.001
Other than 90 degrees	35.4	40.2	29.4
Bleeding
Yes	35.5	44.8	23.8	<0.001
No	64.5	55.2	76.2

Data are presented as % unless otherwise stated.

*p-value by Chi-square test.